{
  "generated": "2026-10-24T02:22:40.085Z",
  "site": "https://thearchitectureofmoney.com/",
  "markers": [
    {
      "id": "marker-1",
      "number": 1,
      "slug": "cbdc-trust",
      "title": "CBDC Adoption Patterns Will Track Institutional Trust",
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        "date": "2026-07-30",
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          "date": "2026-05-25",
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          "url": "https://thearchitectureofmoney.com/markers/cbdc-trust/2026-05-25/",
          "sources": [
            {
              "name": "IMF Working Paper WP/23/104, Nigeria's eNaira, One Year After (May 2023)",
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            },
            {
              "name": "Chainalysis, The 2025 Geography of Cryptocurrency Report",
              "url": "https://www.chainalysis.com/reports/2025-geo-crypto-report/"
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            {
              "name": "Central Bank of The Bahamas, Sand Dollar",
              "url": "https://www.sanddollar.bs"
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            {
              "name": "Bank of Jamaica, JAM-DEX",
              "url": "https://boj.org.jm"
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            {
              "name": "People's Bank of China, e-CNY",
              "url": "http://www.pbc.gov.cn/en/"
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            {
              "name": "Atlantic Council, CBDC Tracker",
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            {
              "name": "Bank of Russia, digital ruble",
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              "name": "Banco Central do Brasil, Drex",
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            {
              "name": "Executive Order 14178 of January 23, 2025, Federal Register (90 FR 8647)",
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            {
              "name": "H.R.1919, Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act, 119th Congress",
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            {
              "name": "Sveriges Riksbank, e-krona",
              "url": "https://www.riksbank.se/en-gb/payments--cash/e-krona/"
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            {
              "name": "Bank of Japan, Central Bank Digital Currency",
              "url": "https://www.boj.or.jp/en/paym/digital/index.htm"
            },
            {
              "name": "European Central Bank, Digital euro",
              "url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/digital_euro/html/index.en.html"
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          ],
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        {
          "date": "2026-07-30",
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          "url": "https://thearchitectureofmoney.com/markers/cbdc-trust/2026-07-30/",
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            {
              "name": "Central Bank of Nigeria, Payments System Vision 2028 (June 1, 2026)",
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            },
            {
              "name": "Atlantic Council, CBDC Tracker (updated May 2026)",
              "url": "https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/cbdctracker/"
            },
            {
              "name": "Bank of Ghana, eCedi",
              "url": "https://www.bog.gov.gh/"
            },
            {
              "name": "People's Bank of China, e-CNY",
              "url": "http://www.pbc.gov.cn/en/"
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            {
              "name": "European Parliament, Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs",
              "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/en/econ"
            },
            {
              "name": "European Central Bank, Digital euro",
              "url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/digital_euro/html/index.en.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "Executive Order 14178 of January 23, 2025, Federal Register (90 FR 8647)",
              "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/31/2025-02123/strengthening-american-leadership-in-digital-financial-technology"
            },
            {
              "name": "H.R.1919, Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act, 119th Congress",
              "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1919"
            },
            {
              "name": "Sveriges Riksbank, e-krona and Payments Report 2026",
              "url": "https://www.riksbank.se/en-gb/payments--cash/e-krona/"
            },
            {
              "name": "Bank of Japan, Central Bank Digital Currency (pilot progress report, June 11, 2026)",
              "url": "https://www.boj.or.jp/en/paym/digital/index.htm"
            }
          ],
          "corrections": [
            {
              "date": "2026-10-07",
              "type": "correction",
              "note": "corrected",
              "was": "The US GENIUS Act prohibition on a Federal Reserve retail CBDC stands.",
              "now": "The US prohibition on a Federal Reserve retail CBDC—Executive Order 14178 of January 2025—stands; the Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act that would make it statutory passed the House in July 2025 and has not passed the Senate."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "standingSources": [
        {
          "name": "World Values Survey",
          "url": "https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org"
        },
        {
          "name": "Edelman Trust Barometer",
          "url": "https://www.edelman.com/trust"
        },
        {
          "name": "Atlantic Council CBDC Tracker",
          "url": "https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/cbdctracker/"
        },
        {
          "name": "BIS",
          "url": "https://www.bis.org"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "marker-2",
      "number": 2,
      "slug": "bitcoin-vs-gold",
      "title": "Bitcoin Will Not Displace Gold as the Primary Non-Fiat Reserve Asset",
      "url": "https://thearchitectureofmoney.com/markers/bitcoin-vs-gold/",
      "status": "on-track",
      "latestReading": {
        "date": "2026-07-30",
        "published": "2026-10-06",
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        {
          "date": "2026-05-25",
          "published": "2026-05-25",
          "status": "on-track",
          "readingId": "M2-2026Q2",
          "url": "https://thearchitectureofmoney.com/markers/bitcoin-vs-gold/2026-05-25/",
          "sources": [
            {
              "name": "Executive Order 14233 of March 6, 2025, Federal Register (90 FR 11789)",
              "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/03/11/2025-03992/establishment-of-the-strategic-bitcoin-reserve-and-united-states-digital-asset-stockpile"
            },
            {
              "name": "Oficina Nacional Bitcoin, El Salvador, reserve tracker",
              "url": "https://bitcoin.gob.sv"
            },
            {
              "name": "State Bank of Pakistan",
              "url": "https://www.sbp.org.pk"
            },
            {
              "name": "New Hampshire General Court, HB 302 (2025)",
              "url": "https://gc.nh.gov"
            },
            {
              "name": "World Gold Council, Gold Demand Trends Q1 2026 (April 29, 2026)",
              "url": "https://www.gold.org/goldhub/research/gold-demand-trends/gold-demand-trends-q1-2026"
            },
            {
              "name": "Czech National Bank, \"The CNB creates a test portfolio of digital assets\" (November 13, 2025)",
              "url": "https://www.cnb.cz/en/cnb-news/press-releases/The-CNB-creates-a-test-portfolio-of-digital-assets/"
            },
            {
              "name": "European Central Bank, monetary policy press conference, 30 January 2025",
              "url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/press_conference/html/index.en.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "Czech National Bank, Bank Board decision on bitcoin in FX reserves (February 2026)",
              "url": "https://www.cnb.cz/en/"
            }
          ],
          "corrections": [
            {
              "date": "2026-10-23",
              "type": "correction",
              "note": "corrected",
              "was": [
                "did not win majority",
                "Pakistan announced a strategic reserve in 2026"
              ],
              "now": [
                "did not win a majority",
                "Pakistan announced a strategic reserve in May 2025"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "date": "2026-07-30",
          "published": "2026-10-06",
          "status": "on-track",
          "readingId": "M2-2026Q3",
          "url": "https://thearchitectureofmoney.com/markers/bitcoin-vs-gold/2026-07-30/",
          "sources": [
            {
              "name": "European Central Bank, The International Role of the Euro (June 2026)",
              "url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/ire/html/index.en.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "World Gold Council, Gold Demand Trends Q2 2026 (July 30, 2026)",
              "url": "https://www.gold.org/goldhub/research/gold-demand-trends/gold-demand-trends-q2-2026"
            },
            {
              "name": "World Gold Council, Central Bank Gold Reserves Survey 2026 (June 16, 2026)",
              "url": "https://www.gold.org/goldhub/research/central-bank-gold-reserves-survey-2026"
            },
            {
              "name": "World Gold Council, Gold Demand Trends Q1 2026 (original 244t estimate; page carries the revision notice)",
              "url": "https://www.gold.org/goldhub/research/gold-demand-trends/gold-demand-trends-q1-2026"
            },
            {
              "name": "Executive Order 14233 of March 6, 2025, Federal Register (90 FR 11789)",
              "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/03/11/2025-03992/establishment-of-the-strategic-bitcoin-reserve-and-united-states-digital-asset-stockpile"
            },
            {
              "name": "US Congress, BITCOIN Act and American Reserve Modernization Act (119th Congress)",
              "url": "https://www.congress.gov"
            },
            {
              "name": "CoinGecko, Bitcoin price history",
              "url": "https://www.coingecko.com/en/coins/bitcoin"
            },
            {
              "name": "Oficina Nacional Bitcoin, El Salvador, reserve tracker",
              "url": "https://bitcoin.gob.sv"
            },
            {
              "name": "International Monetary Fund, El Salvador (Extended Fund Facility, 2025)",
              "url": "https://www.imf.org/en/Countries/SLV"
            },
            {
              "name": "Czech National Bank, \"The CNB creates a test portfolio of digital assets\" (November 13, 2025)",
              "url": "https://www.cnb.cz/en/cnb-news/press-releases/The-CNB-creates-a-test-portfolio-of-digital-assets/"
            },
            {
              "name": "World Gold Council, Central bank gold statistics, June 2026 data (July 2026)",
              "url": "https://www.gold.org/goldhub/gold-focus/2026/07/central-bank-gold-statistics-central-banks-remain-committed-gold"
            },
            {
              "name": "State Bank of Pakistan",
              "url": "https://www.sbp.org.pk"
            },
            {
              "name": "Câmara dos Deputados, PL 4501/2024",
              "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br"
            }
          ],
          "corrections": []
        }
      ],
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        {
          "name": "IMF COFER",
          "url": "https://data.imf.org"
        },
        {
          "name": "World Gold Council",
          "url": "https://www.gold.org"
        },
        {
          "name": "BIS triennial surveys",
          "url": "https://www.bis.org"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "marker-3",
      "number": 3,
      "slug": "tss-grs-decoupling",
      "title": "Trade Settlement Share Will Decouple from Reserve Share",
      "url": "https://thearchitectureofmoney.com/markers/tss-grs-decoupling/",
      "status": "on-track",
      "latestReading": {
        "date": "2026-07-30",
        "published": "2026-10-06",
        "readingId": "M3-2026Q3",
        "url": "https://thearchitectureofmoney.com/markers/tss-grs-decoupling/2026-07-30/"
      },
      "nextReading": "2026-10-30",
      "history": [
        {
          "date": "2026-05-25",
          "published": "2026-05-25",
          "status": "on-track",
          "readingId": "M3-2026Q2",
          "url": "https://thearchitectureofmoney.com/markers/tss-grs-decoupling/2026-05-25/",
          "sources": [
            {
              "name": "Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS), operating statistics",
              "url": "https://www.cips.com.cn/en/"
            },
            {
              "name": "SWIFT, Global Currency Tracker (formerly RMB Tracker)",
              "url": "https://www.swift.com/products/global-currency-tracker"
            },
            {
              "name": "IMF Data Brief, Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves, Q4 2025 (March 27, 2026)",
              "url": "https://data.imf.org/en/news/imf%20data%20brief%20march%2027"
            },
            {
              "name": "IMF, COFER dataset",
              "url": "https://data.imf.org/en/datasets/IMF.STA:COFER"
            },
            {
              "name": "Atlantic Council, Geoeconomics Center",
              "url": "https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/geoeconomics-center/"
            },
            {
              "name": "General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China",
              "url": "http://english.customs.gov.cn/"
            }
          ],
          "corrections": [
            {
              "date": "2026-10-23",
              "type": "note",
              "note": "note added",
              "now": "(The IMF later revised this figure to 56.42%; see the reading dated July 30, 2026.)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "date": "2026-07-30",
          "published": "2026-10-06",
          "status": "on-track",
          "readingId": "M3-2026Q3",
          "url": "https://thearchitectureofmoney.com/markers/tss-grs-decoupling/2026-07-30/",
          "sources": [
            {
              "name": "IMF Data Brief, Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves, Q1 2026 (July 1, 2026)",
              "url": "https://data.imf.org/en/news/imf%20data%20brief%20july%201"
            },
            {
              "name": "Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS), operating statistics (monthly 2026; annual 2025)",
              "url": "https://www.cips.com.cn/en/"
            },
            {
              "name": "SWIFT, Global Currency Tracker (June and July 2026 editions)",
              "url": "https://www.swift.com/products/global-currency-tracker"
            },
            {
              "name": "World Gold Council, Central Bank Gold Reserves Survey 2026 (June 16, 2026)",
              "url": "https://www.gold.org/goldhub/research/central-bank-gold-reserves-survey-2026"
            },
            {
              "name": "IMF Data Brief, COFER Q4 2025 (March 27, 2026; the 6.13% figure the Q2 reading cited)",
              "url": "https://data.imf.org/en/news/imf%20data%20brief%20march%2027"
            }
          ],
          "corrections": []
        }
      ],
      "standingSources": [
        {
          "name": "SWIFT Global Currency Tracker (formerly RMB Tracker)",
          "url": "https://www.swift.com"
        },
        {
          "name": "IMF COFER",
          "url": "https://data.imf.org"
        },
        {
          "name": "ECB International Role of the Euro",
          "url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu"
        },
        {
          "name": "BIS",
          "url": "https://www.bis.org"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "marker-4",
      "number": 4,
      "slug": "stablecoin-legibility",
      "title": "Cultural Legibility Will Determine Digital Currency Adoption Outcomes",
      "url": "https://thearchitectureofmoney.com/markers/stablecoin-legibility/",
      "status": "on-track",
      "latestReading": {
        "date": "2026-07-30",
        "published": "2026-10-06",
        "readingId": "M4-2026Q3",
        "url": "https://thearchitectureofmoney.com/markers/stablecoin-legibility/2026-07-30/"
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      "nextReading": "2026-10-30",
      "history": [
        {
          "date": "2026-05-25",
          "published": "2026-05-25",
          "status": "on-track",
          "readingId": "M4-2026Q2",
          "url": "https://thearchitectureofmoney.com/markers/stablecoin-legibility/2026-05-25/",
          "sources": [
            {
              "name": "Chainalysis, The 2025 Geography of Cryptocurrency Report",
              "url": "https://www.chainalysis.com/reports/2025-geo-crypto-report/"
            },
            {
              "name": "Chainalysis, Sub-Saharan Africa regional excerpt (September 10, 2025)",
              "url": "https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/subsaharan-africa-crypto-adoption-2025/"
            },
            {
              "name": "DefiLlama, stablecoin supply",
              "url": "https://defillama.com/stablecoins"
            },
            {
              "name": "Visa Inc., annual report",
              "url": "https://investor.visa.com/"
            },
            {
              "name": "TRM Labs, 2025 Crypto Adoption and Stablecoin Usage Report",
              "url": "https://www.trmlabs.com/reports-and-whitepapers/2025-crypto-adoption-and-stablecoin-usage-report"
            },
            {
              "name": "IMF Working Paper WP/23/104, Nigeria's eNaira, One Year After (May 2023)",
              "url": "https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2023/05/16/Nigerias-eNaira-One-Year-After-533487"
            },
            {
              "name": "Executive Order 14178 of January 23, 2025, Federal Register (90 FR 8647)",
              "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/31/2025-02123/strengthening-american-leadership-in-digital-financial-technology"
            },
            {
              "name": "GENIUS Act, S.1582, Public Law 119-27 (July 18, 2025)",
              "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1582"
            },
            {
              "name": "Atlantic Council, CBDC Tracker",
              "url": "https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/cbdctracker/"
            }
          ],
          "corrections": []
        },
        {
          "date": "2026-07-30",
          "published": "2026-10-06",
          "status": "on-track",
          "readingId": "M4-2026Q3",
          "url": "https://thearchitectureofmoney.com/markers/stablecoin-legibility/2026-07-30/",
          "sources": [
            {
              "name": "CoinDesk, \"Stablecoin market cap has shrunk by $10B since May\" (July 12, 2026; CoinDesk Data figures)",
              "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2026/07/12/stablecoin-market-cap-has-shrunk-by-usd10-billion-since-may-but-analyst-sees-no-reason-to-panic"
            },
            {
              "name": "DefiLlama, stablecoin supply",
              "url": "https://defillama.com/stablecoins"
            },
            {
              "name": "Central Bank of Nigeria, Payments System Vision 2028 (June 1, 2026)",
              "url": "https://www.cbn.gov.ng/PaymentsSystem/PSV2028.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "Spark Research, Stablecoins in Emerging Markets (June 4, 2026; Plasma Research survey)",
              "url": "https://www.spark.money/research/stablecoin-emerging-market-adoption"
            },
            {
              "name": "INDEC, Índice de precios al consumidor",
              "url": "https://www.indec.gob.ar"
            },
            {
              "name": "Banco Central de la República Argentina",
              "url": "https://www.bcra.gob.ar"
            },
            {
              "name": "GENIUS Act, S.1582, Public Law 119-27 (July 18, 2025)",
              "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1582"
            },
            {
              "name": "OCC, GENIUS Act notice of proposed rulemaking, Federal Register (March 2, 2026)",
              "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/03/02/2026-04089/implementing-the-guiding-and-establishing-national-innovation-for-us-stablecoins-act-for-the"
            },
            {
              "name": "FinCEN, GENIUS Act rulemaking",
              "url": "https://www.fincen.gov"
            },
            {
              "name": "FDIC, GENIUS Act notice of proposed rulemaking, Federal Register (April 10, 2026; FIL-11-2026)",
              "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/04/10/2026-06974/genius-act-requirements-and-standards-for-fdic-supervised-permitted-payment-stablecoin-issuers-and"
            },
            {
              "name": "Atlantic Council, CBDC Tracker",
              "url": "https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/cbdctracker/"
            }
          ],
          "corrections": [
            {
              "date": "2026-10-07",
              "type": "correction",
              "note": "corrected",
              "was": "a 350-page OCC rulemaking",
              "now": "a 350-plus-page OCC rulemaking"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "standingSources": [
        {
          "name": "Tether transparency reports (USDT)",
          "url": "https://tether.to"
        },
        {
          "name": "Circle USDC",
          "url": "https://www.circle.com"
        },
        {
          "name": "Chainalysis on-chain analytics",
          "url": "https://www.chainalysis.com"
        },
        {
          "name": "BIS CBDC and cross-border payments",
          "url": "https://www.bis.org"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "marker-5",
      "number": 5,
      "slug": "gold-settlement",
      "title": "Gold Will Return to a Quasi-Monetary Role in Settlement",
      "url": "https://thearchitectureofmoney.com/markers/gold-settlement/",
      "status": "drifting",
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        "date": "2026-07-30",
        "published": "2026-10-06",
        "readingId": "M5-2026Q3",
        "url": "https://thearchitectureofmoney.com/markers/gold-settlement/2026-07-30/"
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      "nextReading": "2026-10-30",
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        {
          "date": "2026-05-25",
          "published": "2026-05-25",
          "status": "on-track",
          "readingId": "M5-2026Q2",
          "url": "https://thearchitectureofmoney.com/markers/gold-settlement/2026-05-25/",
          "sources": [
            {
              "name": "World Gold Council, Goldhub research",
              "url": "https://www.gold.org/goldhub"
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            {
              "name": "US Department of the Treasury, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system",
              "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/data/treasury-international-capital-tic-system"
            },
            {
              "name": "World Gold Council, Gold Demand Trends Q1 2026 (April 29, 2026)",
              "url": "https://www.gold.org/goldhub/research/gold-demand-trends/gold-demand-trends-q1-2026"
            },
            {
              "name": "World Gold Council, Central bank gold statistics (monthly, 2026)",
              "url": "https://www.gold.org/goldhub/gold-focus/2026/06/central-bank-gold-statistics-central-banks-resume-net-buying-april"
            },
            {
              "name": "Narodowy Bank Polski",
              "url": "https://nbp.pl/en/"
            },
            {
              "name": "Bank of Korea",
              "url": "https://www.bok.or.kr/eng/"
            },
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              "name": "LBMA, Basel III and gold",
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